It's Not A Habit; It's A Brain Disease
MayorBob.
Posted to SciTech on Wed Aug 01, 2007 at 12:33:55 PM EST (promoted by port1080). RSS.
There is an attempt to promote the idea that addictions are diseases, specifically diseases of the brain. Recently, HBO aired a documentary and Time magazine ran an article spreading the "addiction as brain disease" gospel. One of the primary advocates for this sea change in how we view addiction is Dr. Nora Volkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Dr. Volkow's essential position is that addictions are not matters of will power or something that can be overcome if only we try to kick them hard enough. From her perspective they are a matter of brain chemistry with all addictions being basically alike and, in fact, everyone having the ability to be addicted to something.
It's no small matter if addictions are caused by weak willpower or are the result of disease. For one thing, it would require health insurance providers to rethink limits they place on substance abuse treatment. Secondly, calling a mental problem a 'brain disease' suggests that the addict isn't responsible for the effects of the disorder, and, consequently, their actions. The brain disease model has caught traction politically. US Senator Joe Biden (D - Delaware) has introduced legislation to change the name of NIDA to the National Institute on Diseases of Addiction and the name of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism to the National Institute on Alcohol Disorders and Health. It's just semantics right? Wrong, in the opinion of psychiatrist and psychologist Sally Satel and Scott Lilienfeld.
They argue that the movement to have addictions swept into a disease model "well-intentioned" though it might be glosses over a number of facts. First, acceptance of the brain disease model means acceptance that addicts can never overcome their addictions. Satel and Lilienfeld point out that addicts will often manage to find the wherewithal to fight their demons and overcome their addictions. Dr. Anthony Daniels, writing as Theodore Dalrymple, also rejects the brain disease model as "poppycock." Volkow and others contend that acceptance of the brain disease model would decrease stigma suffered by addicts. However, there is evidence that pure biological explanations of mental problems have contributed to stigmatization, not necessarily reduced it. Finally, there is also a case to be made for behavioral therapies proving their worth in helping people overcome addictions.
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