Etcetera

Who Failed Rebecca?

MayorBob.

Posted to Etcetera on Fri Apr 18, 2008 at 06:20:59 AM EST (promoted by port1080). RSS.

Rebecca Riley's story is the horrific stuff you'd expect to see at a cineplex.  Before the 4-year-old from Boston died in December 2006, she had been on a steady regimen of some very strong psychotropic drugs, prescribed by a doctor to treat her bipolar condition.  Allegedly, her parents used her in a scheme to collect Social Security disability payments.  Bottomline is that the parents are facing second-degree murder charges and the doctor is being sued by Rebecca's estate as the "primary cause" of her death.

Rebecca (whose story was touched on during a PBS Frontline documentary) was 28 months old when she was first seen by Dr. Kayoko Kifuji.  Rebecca's parents claimed the child had been experiencing mood and behavior swings.  Kifuji diagnosed Rebecca with bipolar disorder and prescribed three powerful drugs to deal with the condition: Clonidine, Seroquel, and Depakote.  Rebecca remained on a regimen of the three drugs for the following two years.  Rebecca's autopsy indicated a fatal level of Clonidine in her body.

Massachusetts authorities still haven't set a trial date for Michael and Carolyn Riley.  They are charged with lying to Dr. Kifuji and doping up their daughter in order to qualify her for Social Security disability benefits.  According to Dr. Kifuji, the parents admitted increasing Rebecca's dosages the last year of her life against her instructions.  Six weeks before the child's death, the nurse at Rebecca's daycare had communicated her suspicions that she was overmedicated to Dr. Kifuji, telling her the child appeared like a "floppy doll" when she was at the daycare.

Rebecca's estate is suing Dr. Kifuji, charging her with malpractice.  The malpractice complaint (pdf doc) lays out the accusations against the doctor.  Lawyer Andrew Meyer, who represents the estate, sums it up with: "This child was subject to mostly telephone prescriptions and a slipshod diagnosis. They made her a 4-year-old zombie. We don't believe that she did suffer from bipolar or that this was the appropriate medication."  John Darrell, Michael Riley's lawyer, says the lawsuit "raises an interesting question" of just who should be held responsible.  Meyer says that, even if the Rileys both are convicted, it wouldn't let Kifuji off the hook:

"The primary responsibility falls on this doctor. The failure of this doctor to respond to the warnings she was given and to thoroughly investigate the symptoms that her medication was causing ended with this very sad result here of a young girl dying."
Before the Rebecca Riley case, Dr. Kifuji had practiced six years in the US, treating a number of juveniles for bipolar disorder.  However, Rebecca's death sparked concerns about diagnosing bipolar disorder in the very young.  It was a diagnosis rarely made before the middle of the last decade.  Since medical researchers published studies in 1995 verifying the condition could occur in the very young, diagnoses have been on the rise.  One study of mentally ill children indicated the diagnosis of bipolar disorder rose from three percent to as high as 15 percent from 1990 to 2000 in Massachusetts.  Data on the diagnosis and treatment for children under the age of six is not readily available.  But Dr. Janet Wozniak, director of the Pediatric Bipolar Program at Massachusetts General Hospital, asserts that it's important to diagnose and treat the condition as early as possible but concedes doing so with preschoolers is "uncharted waters."

Tags: edited by Port1080, written by MayorBob, medicine, psychiatry, bipolar disorder, children, malpractice, murder (all tags)

This story: 18 comments (2 from subqueue)
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16

Re: Who Failed Rebecca?

ivyafire.

Mon Apr 21, 2008 at 02:50:37 AM EST

4.00 (interesting)

I believe some children do exhibit symptoms of some mental disorders very early on, but in this case it sounds like the doc just took the parent's word and prescribed the drugs.  Inexcusable.

I don't understand this.  We're dealing with some issues with my stepdaughter, and from the beginning we first tried to coddle her, then excuse things away, then looked to blame other people before we thought maybe something was wrong with her.  You do everything you can possibly think of, no matter how desperate,  before you  say your child could be mentally ill.

The idea that anyone could do this to their child, even without it resulting in a death, is horrifying to me.

"It was an ancient rule of Hawaiians that no one should hurt another bodily, or through theft of goods or through injury to feelings.These were the only sins."

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Let's hold off...

port1080.

Fri Apr 18, 2008 at 10:47:29 AM EST

none

...on treating kids for mental illness until they at least have the ability to talk, 'k?  Some may be surprised by my stance on this, given my strong support for childhood immunization, but I'm very, very skeptical of treating children under the age of 12 or so with any sort of mood-altering drugs for mental illness.  In very extreme cases (severe autism, etc.) I can see it, but if we're talking about essentially behavioral problems, the focus should be on non-pharmaceutical options.  Both the parents and the doctor in this case should be put away for a nice, long time so they can think about how f)(*&ing stupid they are.

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Re: Let's hold off...

songofthepogo.

Fri Apr 18, 2008 at 11:58:57 AM EST

4.00 (interesting)

i'll second what you wrote.

now, i'm admittedly ignorant about things like bipolar disorder, but i always thought it was something that didn't seriously manifest until the person was a bit older, say early puberty.  seems like 4 is far too young to be diagnosed with this disorder.  it's certainly far, far too young to be administered such serious medication.  please forgive me if, in my ignorance, i have insulted anyone who has had to cope with this illness either in themselves or in a loved one.  perhaps you can correct my misconceptions.

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Re: Let's hold off...

JimmyHavok.

Fri Apr 18, 2008 at 07:35:32 PM EST

4.00 (interesting)

I wonder if you would bar aspirin for children under 12?  I can testify that it alters my mood quite a bit when I'm sick.  I would agree that doctors should be very careful about prescribing anti-psychotic drugs to children.  However, consider the possibility that early intervention could prevent later psychosis.  If that was true, wouldn't doctors have a responsibility to intervene?

My younger brother (I've talked about him before) was hyperactive, and a discipline problem in school until he was put on Ritalin after failing 1st grade, after which he was able to control his behavior and participate appropriately.  A blanket prohibition on mood-altering drugs would have condemned him to six or more years of hell in elementary school.

Diagnoses of psychosis in pre-verbal children are extremely problematic, since they are essentially subjective.  It would be nice if there was some sort of objective test, like a blood test or a brain scan, that would demonstrate psychosis of a specific type.  But since there aren't any that I am aware of, do you propose simply letting psychotic children suffer?  This group seems to be persuaded that BP can be diagnosed and treated very early.

Both the parents and the doctor in this case should be put away for a nice, long time

It seems the doctor could have been more careful...but why should she have thought that the parents were lying to her?  Are you recommending that all pediatricians take a criminologist's attitude toward the parents of their patients?

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Re: Let's hold off...

thefadd.

Fri Apr 18, 2008 at 08:20:37 PM EST

none

I would bar aspirin for nearly everyone. It's good for people at risk of heart attacks and in limited, specific circumstances for adults of the general population but it's my understanding acetaminophen is preferable for children.

It is easy to buy small plaster models of what you think life is like.

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Re: Let's hold off...

ivyafire.

Mon Apr 21, 2008 at 12:20:46 PM EST

4.33 (informative, informative, astute)

You should never give children aspirin during certain illnesses, lest they get
Reyes syndrome.

When I was a child we watched my younger brother nearly die from what the doctor later believed was Reyes syndrome.  He actually contacted my mother years later when the syndrome was identified to tell her so.  It was terrifying, and I'll never give my children anything related to aspirin, just in case.

"It was an ancient rule of Hawaiians that no one should hurt another bodily, or through theft of goods or through injury to feelings.These were the only sins."

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Re: Let's hold off...

PenitenziAgite.

Sat Apr 19, 2008 at 09:52:58 PM EST

4.00 (interesting)

Hey, there's a big difference between being in favor of immunization and treating 4 year old for bipolar disorder.  I didn't even know children that young could go on hypo-manic gambling and sex sprees to Vegas.

sierra tango foxtrot uniform

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Re: Let's hold off...

pO157.

Fri Apr 18, 2008 at 01:54:16 PM EST

none

I'd limit the sanctions for the doctor to be loss of his license and civil liability. The parents are the ones responsible by continually demanding medication from this doctor. If they did lie to the Doctor then how is he supposed to know that Rebbecca really isn't bonkers at home?

Suspend his license for being terminally stupid, but don't send him to prison if this is the first incident of this happening.

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Re: Let's hold off...

gerrymander.

Fri Apr 18, 2008 at 04:38:44 PM EST

none

Are we in danger of a second occurrence if the doctor's license is revoked?

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Re: Let's hold off...

pO157.

Fri Apr 18, 2008 at 04:54:38 PM EST

none

No. But I would still argue that while the doctor is not blameless the culpability rests primarily with the parents, unless he knew they were lying about everything just to claim disability.

4

Re: Who Failed Rebecca?

MayorBob.

Fri Apr 18, 2008 at 03:56:49 PM EST

none

This was a story I found difficult to put together.  It was difficult for me to withhold my shock and horror at what had happened to Rebecca.  As I was typing up the story my youngest granddaughter, who just celebrated her first birthday was playing at my feet.  My thoughts went, "my God, she's only a year younger than Rebecca was before she began her session in hell.  

I tried to imagine what level of depravity would drive a parent, much less both of them, to use their child in such a fashion.  For a few bucks they doped her into eternity.  If the state's charges are true I truly hope they never see the outside of a prison for the rest of their lives.

And then there's Dr. Kifuji.  What sort of doctor prescribes drugs that powerful to a child that small?  Aren't their brains still developing and what sort of havoc is wreaked on synapses with all those chemicals altering moods and short circuiting the brain's operation?  How could prescriptions for those sorts of medications continue to be filled by a pharmacy over the phone.  I know when I was recuperating from hernia surgery, if I wanted a refill I had to go to the doctor's office to get a script for one.  That just for pain killers and, had I asked the doctor for too many refills, he would have insisted on seeing me.  Thus, I'm totally not understanding how the parents could have upped the dosage to Rebecca without Kifuji not calling in refills way beyond what she knew the child should have been taking.

Doubtless the good people of Massachusetts will afix guilt on the Riley's because, in spite of Michael Riley's lawyer attempt to see an "interesting question" here as to culpability, it was still his client and his client's wife who were pumping the pills down Rebecca's throat.  And the other good people of Massachusetts sitting on the malpractice trial of Kifuji should slam her and slam her good for the awful doctoring she did.  But, there's a reason I added the rest of the options to the poll -- especially the one which says it's all of us.  Because I really do believe that stories like this expose the very worse that humankind can offer to each other.

 

Illegitimi non carborundum.

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Re: Who Failed Rebecca?

thefadd.

Fri Apr 18, 2008 at 05:27:23 PM EST

none

I'm not fully buying the party line on this one. State childhood welfare agencies are notoriously poorly run and filled with vindictive crusaders who overstep reasonable bounds left and right.

The culpability of the doctor seems open and shut. He is the gatekeeper. He gets compensated as such and it's his job to understand his place in the system and the process. That the parents weren't simply ignorant and misled by a juvenile health system bent for the past decade+ on doing little else besides over-medicating kids is a rather high bar that I'm not convinced of either way in this case.

It is easy to buy small plaster models of what you think life is like.

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Re: Who Failed Rebecca?

MayorBob.

Fri Apr 18, 2008 at 05:36:32 PM EST

none

Perhaps it was unclear in my write up, but Dr. Kifuji is a woman.  If the state's allegations against the parents are proved in court, then what they did was lie to have their child diagnosed as bipolar, thereby giving them the meds to dope her up so they could collect Social Security disability.  I'm assuming the state has some sort of evidence that the parents applied to get the disability money.  If that's the case, it does place them under the brunt of the culpability here, considerations about the medicating of American children aside.

Illegitimi non carborundum.

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Re: Who Failed Rebecca?

thefadd.

Fri Apr 18, 2008 at 06:13:30 PM EST

none

Why are these medications being prescribed for such young children in the first place? Why are such prescriptions being doled out without a more detailed diagnosis? How could an amount capable of achieving the alleged level of doping in a child be getting so far down the system from production through pharmacology as to reach a child?

Of course they are alleging the parents lied to get the prescription. How else would you expect them to build a case? Conclusions don't prove the accusations.

It is easy to buy small plaster models of what you think life is like.

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Re: Who Failed Rebecca?

pO157.

Sun Apr 20, 2008 at 12:38:48 PM EST

none

I disagree that the doctor is wholly culpable. Let's change the situation a bit. What if Rebbecca was a 50 year old woman tasked with the care of her 80 year old mother? Rebbecca goes to mom's doctor and complains about the mother's mental deterioration, odd behavior. For kicks let's say Rebbecca tells the MD her mom is paranoid and will admit none of this to a doctor because she believes they are all Democratic super delegates in disguise sent here by Satan himself to overthrow the people's choice for the highest office in the country.

Would the doctor be remiss in suspecting the mom has a psychiatric problem, given similar presentation in people her age? No, especially since society seems to encourage reporting your concerns about parents' health or mental status to their doctor. What if the mother really was crotchety in her old age (as some elderly are) and her normal senior eccentricities were seen as possibly confirming the daughter's story? Would the MD in that case be liable for wrongly prescribing medication to the mom if it turns out the daughter made it all up? No.

Now what about this case? The parents are guardians of the kid, who is unable to speak for himself. If they come in with a story about how the kid is acting bonkers, they started the ball rolling. The doctor does deserve a stern rebuke from the medical board but not murder charges. The parents are the ones who deserve to rot in prison.

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Re: Who Failed Rebecca?

postillion.

Mon Apr 21, 2008 at 01:03:04 AM EST

5.00 (astute)

Rather than pressing charges against the psychiatrist, perhaps the relationship between the psychiatrist and patient within the health care system needs to be reassessed.

As I understand it, the hysterical stories about multiple identity syndromes in the 80s had the affect of insurance companies deciding that psychiatrists were too willing to bankroll their practices by suggesting odd and unusual symptoms to their patients.  In response (if I am recalling all this correctly; I read this a few years ago), the insurance companies have since limited the number of times an insurance holder can see a psychiatrist.

However, I don't think that's the only reason why psychiatrists are so easygoing with their prescriptions.  I think prescriptions have overtaken any notion of talk-therapy with the downfall of Freud in the field.  With too many psychiatrists being limited by insurance plans as well as seeing their own role in the medical field as being pill dispensers, it's not surprising that pills have been given out to those that shouldn't have them (although the parents are just shocking...the only word I can think of is depraved, utterly depraved).

I had a friend a few years ago who was suffering from depression after a divorce, which is perfectly understandable and to be expected.  His psychiatrist put him on a cocktail of drugs that had him ridiculously peppy and insomniac for a month; the prescription was given out after one thirty minute session.  Finally, after his heart started beating too quickly for his liking, my friend called his psychiatrist and canceled the next appointment.

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Re: Who Failed Rebecca?

pO157.

Mon Apr 21, 2008 at 07:17:28 AM EST

none

I, for one, await the day when psychiatry becomes more like other fields of medicine (cardiology, infectious diseases, whatever) where there are actual tests with measurable parameters for these ailments. Until then there is too much room for error and horrific events like this will happen.

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Re: Who Failed Rebecca?

JimmyHavok.

Fri Apr 18, 2008 at 07:12:32 PM EST

none

what sort of havoc is wreaked on synapses with all those chemicals altering moods and short circuiting the brain's operation?

Good question...you don't seem to have waited for an answer.

I have to agree, the depravity of her parents is unimaginable.  This is the sort of case that makes me reconsider my stance against capital punishment, since people like that seem to be nothing more than a waste of oxygen.  I only wonder why they killed their little meal ticket.   I have to say she's better off dead than being used like that.

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