Freddie's Dead?
3fingerspointback.
Posted to Business on Tue Jul 15, 2008 at 05:17:41 PM EST (promoted by port1080). RSS.
When a big bank like IndyMac fails, it may cost the government up to $8 Billion out of its FDIC fund to compensate burned account holders. When huge banks like Bear Stearns fail, the Fed might front cash to buy the riskiest $29 Billion in order to get the rest of the business into the hands of another company and keep the machine running. And then there are the banks like Fannie Mae (FNMA) and Freddie Mac (FHLMC).
Originally set up during the New Deal as Government Sponsored Enterprises (GSEs), then privatized in 1968, these banks do most of their business in the secondary mortgage market: You might not take out your home loan directly with FNMA or FHLMC, but chances are pretty good that your bank will resell their end of the loan to them once all the papers are signed. Your loan might then get bundled up with a bunch of other loans from people like you (in the financial sense), and that wad of mortgages will be resold on the bond market as a Mortgage-backed security. Fannie and Freddie make most of their money by charging an insurance fee that guarantees payment to the investor in case you or any of your MBS-mates default on your loans. FNMA and FHLMC have pretty much cornered the secondary mortgage market. Combined, both institutions either hold or guarantee half of all mortgages in the United States, an estimated $5-6 Trillion in assets.
Of course, with all this talk of mortgages and securitized debt and finance, it was only a matter of time before people started worrying that maybe these banks' assets aren't quite as sound as they should be. Both companies stock values have been in slow erosion over the past year, but on July 7, a Lehman Brothers report predicted that new accounting rules would require them to come up with a quick $75 Billion to cover the books. Since then, the stocks have been in free fall, from highs of $64/share last October to single digits today.
The general narrative is this: Freddie and Fannie will need to raise their fees to institutional investors, both to raise cash to cover the new accounting obligations and to reflect the rising risk in the mortgage market. That will make mortgage-backed securities less attractive, and so the GSEs won't be able to resell as many loans. With less loans being purchased, your local banks won't be able to pass off their own loans for the quick capital needed to do more business, which means that it will be a lot harder for you to get your loan, and so the economy grinds down. To a halt even, if the GSEs end up tanking.
Overshadowing all of this has been the assumption on everyone's part that the U.S. Government will not permit the two companies to fail. Technically, both Fannie and Freddie have been privately owned and operated since 1968, but their past as government agencies, combined with their staggering size, has implied that the state would step back in to the rescue if anything too horrible happens. And indeed, on July 15th Treasury Secretary Paulson went to congress to ask for a blank check to buy shares of the companies until investor confidence is restored. This bailout plan would be put into effect at an undetermined time in the future, possibly never.
Which brings us to the big question: How much trouble are Fannie and Freddie in, really? Both institutions deal only in prime loans. In fact, these institutions are the ones that decide what, exactly, a "prime" loan is. So any effects of the subprime meltdown will be felt indirectly at best. Both companies also claim that they actually have more capital than they need. Are we really looking at the next big financial crisis, or just a rumor-driven stock drop that will be a big steal for the bold?
< Belgian hegemony ensnares the King of Beers
Should I Stay Or Should I Go? >
